重视反馈的逆向教学设计:以质谱课程的教学为例*

基于逆向教学设计的特点及实践,分析了传统逆向教学设计的课堂实现中存在的关于预期评估与实际评估脱节的问题,阐述了教学反馈的重要性。从而提出了一种重视反馈的逆向教学设计方法。这种方法将评估预判和反馈策略充分结合到逆向教学设计中,在评估和反馈之间进行了有效关联,很好地解决了以上问题。结合笔者在质谱课程中的实践经验,对相应的教学设计的过程进行了举例说明。     

物理化学混合式教学设计与实践——以“单组分系统相变热力学”为例*

以“单组分系统相变热力学”为例介绍了物理化学混合式教学设计与教学实践。围绕课程教学目标,在课前、课中、课后的每一个教学环节中践行课程教学理念,通过“问题+案例”方式突出物理化学基本方法的应用性、普适性与前沿性,让学生在教学过程中获取原理、体验探究、发展思维、生成智慧。教学评价结果显示,绝大部分学生对混合式教学模式给予了积极的评价。     

物理化学在线课程教学设计与实践——以热力学第二定律与卡诺热机为例*

提出在线课程应立足于对线下课堂教学内容的疏导、梳理、凝练和升华,并以“热力学第二定律与卡诺热机”在线课程为例进行介绍。采用问题链形式引导学生从卡诺热机推导热力学第二定律数学表达式,阐明了卡诺热机在热力学第二定律形成过程中的重要作用和地位,强调了卡诺对于热力学的重要贡献,培养了学生探究精神和学科素养。为在线课程提供了教学案例和设计思路。     

“蓝瓶子”实验再探究*

利用SPSS 25.0统计软件对“蓝瓶子”实验进行正交实验设计,通过统计学分析得出最佳实验条件。利用氧化还原传感器(ORP)对“蓝瓶子”振荡体系的电极电势变化曲线进行分析,并针对蓝色的产生和消失过程设计3组对比实验深入探究,阐明其反应原理,意在引导学生深刻理解趣味实验现象背后的微观反应本质。     

CBS还原合成手性1-苯乙醇实验设计*

将学科热点之一催化不对称合成策略引入实验教学中,通过CBS还原制备手性醇。实验以苯乙酮为原料,还原得到粗产物手性1-苯乙醇,经制备色谱仪分离提纯,气相色谱和自动旋光仪表征产物的光学性质。实验为综合型有机化学实验,通过此实验,学生在掌握手性醇合成原理与方法的同时,进一步学习手套箱、气相色谱、制备色谱仪、自动旋光仪等新技术,以提升学生综合科研素质。     

中性或弱酸性体系下锌基水系电池负极材料研究进展

锌具有原料丰富、质量轻便、金属导电性与延展性好以及理论比容量高等优势,可以作为绿色可充电电池的理想电极材料。其中,以中性或弱酸性水溶液为电解质、锌为负极的锌基水系电池具有安全性高、电池材料廉价无毒、制备工艺简单、环境友好等特点,在储能和动力电池领域具有极高的应用价值和发展前景。但电池充放电过程中伴随的锌枝晶、析氢、腐蚀、钝化等问题限制了其实际应用。本文综述了锌基水系电池负极存在的问题及当前的解决策略,并对其负极研究发展方向进行了展望。     

锂离子电池硅氧化物负极首次库伦效率的影响因素与提升策略

硅氧化物(SiO_x, 0<x≤2)具有高的比容量和低的嵌锂电位, 且体积膨胀率显著低于纯硅负极, 因而被认为是替代传统石墨负极材料的理想选择之一. 然而SiO_x负极在首次嵌锂过程中表面形成的固体电解质界面膜(SEI)以及大量的不可逆产物, 造成其首次库伦效率偏低, 严重阻碍了SiO_x负极的实际应用. 本文从SiO_x的结构模型出发, 系统阐述了SiO_x负极的嵌锂机理以及首次库伦效率低的原因; 归纳了SiO_x负极首次库伦效率的提升策略及其研究进展; 并对提升SiO_x负极首次库伦效率的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

Development and Molecular Understanding of a Pd-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Boronic Acids Enabled by High-Throughput Experimentation and Data Analysis

A synthetic method for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl boronic acids using bench stable and non-toxic N-cyanosuccinimide has been developed. High-throughput experimentation facilitated the screen of 90 different ligands and the resultant statistical data analysis identified that ligand σ-donation, π-acidity and sterics are key drivers that govern yield. Categorization into three ligand groups – monophosphines, bisphosphines and miscellaneous – was performed before the analysis. For the monophosphines, the yield of the reaction increases for strong σ-donating, weak π-accepting ligands, with flexible pendant substituents. For the bisphosphines, the yield predominantly correlates with ligand lability. The applicability of the designed reaction to a wider substrate scope was investigated, showing good functional group tolerance in particular with boronic acids bearing electron-withdrawing substituents. This work outlines the development of a novel reaction, coupled with a fast and efficient workflow to gain understanding of the optimal ligand properties for the design of improved palladium cross-coupling catalysts.     

基于三苯胺的荧光探针设计、合成与应用研究进展

螺旋桨结构的三苯胺荧光团既能作为强的电子供体,又能作为潜在的聚集诱导发光(AIE)骨架.同时,三苯胺衍生物很容易通过简单的反应进行结构修饰,如醛基、氨基、硼酸基、卤素、乙炔基等取代的三苯胺能够发生缩合反应或偶联反应等,进一步功能化.因此,功能性三苯胺类化合物被广泛用于太阳能电池、荧光染料、固态发光材料和荧光探针的分子设计中.根据三苯胺基荧光探针的检测对象,将其分为阳离子、阴离子和中性小分子荧光探针三类,并从分子的结构和性能出发,重点综述了近五年来国内外三苯胺基荧光探针在分子设计、合成与检测应用方面的最新进展.展望未来,构建近红外发光和高量子效率的AIE荧光探针值得关注.     

Inhibitor Development against p7 Channel in Hepatitis C Virus

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the key cause of chronic and severe liver diseases. The recent direct-acting antiviral agents have shown the clinical success on HCV-related diseases, but the rapid HCV mutations of the virus highlight the sustaining necessity to develop new drugs. p7, the viroporin protein from HCV, has been sought after as a potential anti-HCV drug target. Several classes of compounds, such as amantadine and rimantadine have been testified for p7 inhibition. However, the efficacies of these compounds are not high. Here, we screened some novel p7 inhibitors with amantadine scaffold for the inhibitor development. The dissociation constant (Kd) of 42 ARD-series compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titrations. The efficacies of the two best inhibitors, ARD87 and ARD112, were further confirmed using viral production assay. The binding mode analysis and binding stability for the strongest inhibitor were deciphered by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. These ARD-series compounds together with 49 previously published compounds were further analyzed by molecular docking. Key pharmacophores were identified among the structure-similar compounds. Our studies suggest that different functional groups are highly correlated with the efficacy for inhibiting p7 of HCV, in which hydrophobic interactions are the dominant forces for the inhibition potency. Our findings provide guiding principles for designing higher affinity inhibitors of p7 as potential anti-HCV drug candidates.